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All components are stored in the app/controllers/components directory and are pulled into the controller like helpers, with the $components array. Like other parameters, components must be camel-cased and separated in the array by commas. Built-in components as well as custom ones must be included in the $components array to work in the controller, and like helpers, the App controller can include components for use in any or all controllers. See Listing 11-1. Listing 11-1. Including Components in the Controller with the $components Array var $components = array('Session','RequestHandler'); Once a component is included in the controller, the controller references its functions by using the $this identifier. Remember to specify the component like you do with models: $this followed by the camel-cased name of the component and the function in use. Listing 11-2. Listing 11-2. Running a Component Function in the Controller $user = $this->Session->read('User'); Components are not intended to work directly with the database, so the component does not do much more than return a variable, a string, or an array for the controller to use. If database calls are necessary, the controller using the component ought to run these calls through the model and provide the component with the necessary data. This does not mean that the components are limited to logic tests or reformatting forwarded data; like the Session and Cookie components, functions here can write to outside files or process images, and so forth. Besides allowing for custom components, Cake comes with several built-in components and utilities. Before building your own components, let s first examine what Cake has to offer and explore how these component functions might improve an application.

Tip If you want some help creating your connection string, select the SqlDataSource, open the Properties

window, and select the ConnectionString property. A drop-down arrow will appear at the right side of the value. If you click that drop-down arrow, you ll see a list of all the connection strings in your web.config file. You can pick one of these connections, or you can choose New Connection (at the bottom of the list) to open the Add Connection dialog box, where you can pick the database you want. Best of all, if you create a new connection Visual Studio copies the connection string into your web.config file, so you can reuse it with other SqlDataSource objects.

You can use each SqlDataSource control you create to retrieve a single query. Optionally, you can also add corresponding commands for deleting, inserting, and updating rows. For example, one SqlDataSource is enough to query and update the Customers table in the Northwind database. However, if you need to independently retrieve or update Customers and Orders information, you ll need two SqlDataSource controls. The SqlDataSource command logic is supplied through four properties SelectCommand, InsertCommand, UpdateCommand, and DeleteCommand each of which takes a string. The string you supply can be inline SQL (in which case the corresponding SelectCommandType, InsertCommandType, UpdateCommandType, or DeleteCommandType property should be Text, the default) or the name of a stored procedure (in which case the command type is StoredProcedure). You need to define commands only for the types of actions you want to perform. In other words, if you re using a data source for read-only access to a set of records, you need to define only the SelectCommand property.

Assume Linear Model: This check box speeds up Solver s solution process Check it if you know that your problem can be solved with linear functions A linear function is a function that can be written as the sum of a series of variables, where each variable is multiplied by some constant value A nonlinear function involves using some mathematical operation other than summation Solver sometimes struggles with arriving at a solution to nonlinear.

Like the helpers, Cake has a wealth of component functions that make running processes in the controller much easier. In fact, some components are intended to work hand in hand with helpers like the Session component. Running some functions in the controller makes it easier to organize and format the data forwarded on to the view for use by the Session helper. Knowing what built-in components can do for your controllers will save you from reinventing the wheel and help you exploit some of the snazzy functions that make Cake such an attractive framework. In each of the following descriptions, I ll give a basic overview of what the component offers and list some of its functions. In the future, more functions may be added to these components, and sometimes third-party components will extend them too. Cake s core components are stored in the cake/libs/controller/components folder; if you d like to take a look at the code itself, refer to the component files there.

instead of SelectCommand. The SelectQuery is actually a virtual property that s displayed as a design-time convenience. When you edit the SelectQuery (by clicking the ellipsis next to the property name), you can use a special designer to write the command text (the SelectCommand) and add the command parameters (the SelectParameters) at the same time. However, this tool works best once you ve reviewed the examples in this section, and you understand the way the SelectCommand and SelectParameters properties really work.

Here s a complete SqlDataSource that defines a Select command for retrieving product information from the Products table: <asp:SqlDataSource ID="sourceProducts" runat="server" ProviderName="System.Data.SqlClient" ConnectionString="<%$ ConnectionStrings:Northwind %>" SelectCommand="SELECT ProductName, ProductID FROM Products" />

Tip You can write the data source logic by hand or by using a design-time wizard that lets you create a